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ENTRY
INTRODUCTION
FOREWORD
SUMMARY
RUSSIA
Reduced Western pressure on Moscow would accelerate Russia’s preparations for conflict with NATO
Russia is expanding its military capabilities near NATO’s eastern borders despite losses in the war
Russia actively uses electronic warfare capabilities in Kaliningrad
Russian military industry prepares for a new phase of expansion
Russia increases pressure on Ukraine’s supporters
The GRU is changing the methods of conducting kinetic operations and expanding the range of targets
The FSB is actively conducting intelligence activities against Lithuania by regularly recruiting individuals who travel from Lithuania to Russia
Intensified Russia’s UAV attacks against Ukraine have led to an increase in violations of Lithuanian airspace
It is highly likely that the situation in the Baltic Sea will remain tense – Russia is determined to protect its commercial interests by any means necessary
Russia rather adapts to an economic slowdown than changes its military ambitions
During the strategic exercise Zapad 2025 Russia applied lessons learned in Ukraine
Moscow tries to intimidate the West by creating the myth of the invincible Oreshnik missile
Despite the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime, Russia will maintain its military capabilities in Syria
Russia expands its activities in Africa to maintain its image as a global power
BELARUS
Lukashenka is easing international isolation of the Belarusian regime but does not abandon authoritarian practices or the country’s orientation towards Russia
Relations with China help Belarus to reduce the impact of international isolation
Belarus’s use of extremist watchlists and remote recruitment of agents in its fight against the democratic opposition poses a threat to Lithuania
CHINA
China seeks to reshape the international order by forming a bloc of anti-Western states
The use of Chinese artificial intelligence chatbots presents challenges in terms of personal data security and information censorship
China is consistently increasing its military power in order to ensure its security interests and expand its influence
Intensifying military cooperation between Russia and China signals a strengthening strategic partnership
ECONOMIC AND ENERGY SECURITY
Belarus is committed to the development of nuclear energy in the vicinity of the Lithuanian border
Entities working against Lithuania’s national security interests continue to target strategically important infrastructure and projects, but their methods of operation are changing
Although the scale of international sanctions circumvention remains high, the operating models have not changed
Russian and Belarusian entities seek to operate in the technology sector and use companies established in Lithuania to develop and acquire technologies
Western science and research institutions are in the crosshairs of hostile states
CYBER SECURITY
Cyberattacks are increasing in scale and becoming more destructive
INFLUENCE ACTIVITIES AGAINST LITHUANIA
Pro-Russian individuals contribute to the implementation of hostile states’ goals in Lithuania
Russia is stepping up its information campaigns on social networks, using constant propaganda narratives to support them
Despite declaring a strive for greater independence, the Orthodox Diocese of Vilnius and Lithuania remains dependent on the Moscow Patriarchate
EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM
The rise in popularity of nihilistic right-wing extremism among psychologically vulnerable minors is increasing the likelihood of ‘lone wolf’ attacks
Islamist terrorist organisations and their followers are targeting minors
The threat of terrorism in Europe will remain high
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The use of Chinese artificial intelligence chatbots presents challenges in terms of personal data security and information censorship

The use of Chinese artificial intelligence chatbots presents challenges in terms of personal data security and information censorship

The Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, DeepSeek and Qwen, are being promoted as alternatives to Western AI models, such as ChatGPT. While this demonstrates China’s ambition and capability to compete with the West, it also poses challenges for users in terms of information censorship and personal data security when using these chatbots.

INFORMATION CENSORSHIP

Both chatbots provide users with information that is consistent with the regime’s ideology, avoiding responses that would portray China negatively. For example, they avoid discussing Taiwanese independence or the Tiananmen Square protests. DeepSeek repeats the statements of Chinese politicians and uses the pronoun ‘we’ when answering questions about China’s position to show its identification with China.

In February 2025, Politico published a chat with DeepSeek asking why China had blocked imports of goods from Lithuania. The chatbot expressed hope that Lithuania would correct its mistakes and cooperate with China. This response essentially echoed the call made by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Wang Wenbin in 2023 for Lithuania to ‘correct its mistakes and return to the right path by supporting the one-China principle’. Such responses, alongside with the nature of Chinese chatbots, suggest that biased information is presented to users.

PERSONAL DATA SECURITY

DeepSeek collects the following types of information: data created by users themselves, such as query texts and various documents shared with the chatbot; automatically accessible information, such as device data and IP address; third-party data, such as information linked to a Google account. According to Chinese law, the government is entitled to access data collected by technology companies. Chinese-developed AI software possibly lacks adequate cybersecurity measures necessary to protect the user data. Shortly after its launch, more than a million pieces of data collected by the DeepSeek chatbot were leaked, including chat system metadata and chat transcripts.

DeepSeek and Qwen logos Reuters photo
DeepSeek and Qwen logos
Reuters photo
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China seeks to reshape the international order by forming a bloc of anti-Western states China is consistently increasing its military power in order to ensure its security interests and expand its influence
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